In addition to Antonio Gramsci’s reflections on the Catholic Church and its predominance in Italy, it is also interesting to examine the ideas that he formulated, in particular in the Notebooks, on the Protestant Reformation as a historical phenomenon leading up to the French Revolution and to the rise of Classical German philosophy, among other things, but also as an active element in the contemporary world, foremost in the United States of America. On one hand, there are predominantly reformed societies, the United States first of all, which were the object of Gramsci’s constant attention ; and on the other hand, the presence of “neo-Calvinists” in his own contemporary Italy within the debate on necessary social and political modernization, on the basis of Weber’s Ethics, which Gramsci had read carefully and absorbed.