In the most powerful Fula sultanate of North Cameroon, Rey Bouba, a boundary marking operation was inaugurated after 1996, on the disputed rural boundaries in a zone of coexistence between migrants and autochthonous communities. After eight years of boundary marking installation, led first by a Project, then a research unit (TERDEL) the traditional rulers stopped the process and ordered the markings under negotiation to be pulled out. In this way the traditional rulers have asserted their primacy over the land. The central administration is absent on land ownership affairs and the government is accepting withdrawal of the State, negotiated at Rey on the basis of some well understood electoral issues. Civil Society and NGOs are nonexistent. On the “technical” supervision side, SODECOTON, a parastatal firm, accused of being at the service of migrants, was not considered neutral in 2005. The Development Agency in charge of land ownership therefore found itself helpless in the face of the traditional rulers alone. All negotiation concerning secure establishment of land ownership hence seems to have become impossible.