For the Turks, the Treaty of Sèvres symbolizes the liquidation of the Empire and the carving up of Turkey by outside forces. The historical effect of the Treaty survives in the form of a syndrome, which explains an under-siege vision of national survi val. Aside from the current trend of neo-Ottomanism, entering into new, recontextualized dialogue with Europe could, perhaps, help the country forma new relationship with its history and overcome a syndrome that has been manipulated by ali components of its political class.