Organic agriculture is part of the rise of more sustainable agricultural production systems. The objective of this research is to determine the extent to which the development of organic farming in rural territories constitutes a territorial innovation that is part of a diversification of the existing agricultural system, offering the characteristics of smart specialization. This research aims to shed light on a paradox relating to the local capacities of this type of area. On the one hand, these territories are often considered as less innovative because of their low density and the lower technological intensity of the industries. On the other hand, the characteristics of rural areas suggest specific innovation capacities, with greater recourse to personal links and an important place for local resources. The research is based on a unique case study, the Gers department, the first "organic department" in France. 25 semi-directive interviews were conducted with a panel of territorial stakeholders. Interviews were the subject of a thematic content analysis. Five main findings emerged from this research. First, it was the farmers who initially supported the development of organic farming and not other local economic and institutional actors. Secondly, it is essentially local networks and resources that have enabled the growth of organic farming in the department. We also observe a real intentionality of local public policies to support organic farming. This territorialization of organic farming is based on a demand from consumers outside the territory. Finally, there is a diversity of visions of organic agriculture that may hamper its development as a territorial innovation.