The various portrayals of Oliver Cromwell as an English Julius Caesar during the Commonwealth epitomize the multifarious historiographical andpolitical exemplificationsof the great Roman in a particularly dramatic national context. The parallel between Cromwell and Caesar indeed addresses, notably in the early stages of the Protectorate, a remarkably prevalent and ambiguous theme looming on either the victorious republican general or on the potentially menacing protector ready to crush political liberties. The vacillation between these opposite poles also tackles a vast array of then ongoing issues such as the standing army debate in England or the still uncertain assessment of the Commonwealth.