The 1702 revolt of the Camisards following persecution is the start of a period of civil unrest in Languedoc. This dissertation analyses how a society enters into war : this revolt becomes a polymorphous conflict and opposing passions engage the political powers, the clergy and the civilian population. The types of religious confrontation and violence are multiple – physical, ideological, linguistic. This study offers a new overview of the conflict by drawing on previously unpublished archives and taking into account a third protagonist, purely civilian. It examines the war as a whole, beyond the confrontation between the Camisards and the political powers. Starting with this Protestant revolt, unparalleled in the « révocationnaire » period, it analyses the situation of Catholicism in Languedoc, which has at this point reached the limits of its self- betrayal.