Dissatisfied with their function, lycée (secondary school) tutors, at the end of the 19th century, tend to try to close the gap between their function and that of professors. The first professional association of tutors, founded in 1882, gave itself this goal, but it was dissolved in 1897. Nonetheless, in 1899 the conclusions of the Ribot Commission comforted the tutors in their vindications and they requested the fusion of professorial and tutoring functions. This vindication made it impossible, in 1905, for a Fédération de l’enseignement secondaire or Secondary school federation to be created uniting professors and tutors: separate federations were created and were to be continuously in opposition during the 1920s. These conflicts between the two professional categories enable us to describe their respective professional identities and the representation each has of its social and professional position. In 1937, however, the founding of the SPES (Syndicat du personnel de l’enseignement secondaire or Secondary school personnel union) by a group of professors affiliated with the CGT or (communist) Confédération générale du travail led to the development of unions combining professors and tutors: SPES-CGT on the one hand, SNALCCSautonome (National union for the lycées, middle schools, and secondary school establishments) on the other. Separation on ideological grounds takes over from that on professional grounds.