It remains unclear what use Beijing intends to make of the new capabilities of its naval fleet, which it has been modernizing over the last decade. The advances made by China’s Navy in three main areas do, however, give us some indications as to its priorities. Increased capabilities in terms of projecting strength, protecting sea lanes and denying access not only allow China to respond to potential conflict but also act as a deterrent. Indeed, antagonism with the United States seems likely to be at the heart of China’s decision to modernize its naval fleet.