The North African branch of Al-Qaeda is essentially Algerian. The renewed Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) has a larger project though : not only is covering all the North African area, but it also represents a new kind of terrorism, seeking to overcome the Algerian question with a geopolitical approach based on an opposition between the West and Islam. This transformation has taken by surprise the Algerian regime, whose policy still relies on a repressive system and on the proposal of an amnesty that seems to have reached its limits.