The complex, multidimensional nature of energy poverty, combined with the need to account for time periods and specific regional characteristics, makes defining it challenging. There is, however, no academic consensus on its precise definition or measurement. Energy poverty is a growing issue in both temperate and tropical climates. Although tropical regions typically do not experience severe cold, households can still face various forms of energy deprivation. This paper presents an overview of energy poverty in Réunion Island. Our objective is to assess the extent of energy poverty in this French overseas department and to identify the characteristics of affected households. Réunion Island’s unique geographical (island), topographical (mountainous with highland communities), climatic (tropical), and socio-economic context means that energy service usage patterns differ significantly from those in mainland France and other overseas departments. We offer a detailed spatial analysis of energy poverty to aid policymakers in mitigating this phenomenon. To analyze the factors affecting the likelihood of energy poverty on the island, we developed a logit model. Our findings indicate that energy poverty is primarily influenced by individual characteristics, housing quality, access to air conditioning, and hot water. Nevertheless, adapting budgetary and subjective indicators alone is insufficient to fully capture the multidimensional nature of energy poverty in tropical island settings like Réunion. Despite these limitations, this article offers the first comprehensive overview of energy poverty in Réunion Island.