Since Antiquity, Homer’s Odyssey has shaped the readers’ imagination regarding travel and perception of the Mediterranean space. This article examines one of the stages in geographical reflection with regard to the reality of the places described by the poet, revisiting the voyage of the author who sought to superimpose the fiction on the Mediterranean space with the greatest persistence, energy and evidence, Victor Bérard (1864-1931). By showing the ties of the author with the French school of Geography, this article shows the degree to which his theory (contested) about Homer’s fiction was the product of the close association in French teaching of geography and history, as well as the “creative ferment” of the discipline at the time of the emergence of the Vidalian school of regional geography.