Volney, enriched by the diversity of the work of the Ideologues he shared and nourished, actively participated through his post at the Institut in the birth of the moral and political sciences. This work containing ethnoanthropological, observations, debates about the physical relationship ofman to his environment, andmeasurements of social, political, and cultural differences among peoples, led to the production of inventories and statistics. Volney stressed the importance of travel to which he linked his study of history. Tested in Egypt and Syria at the beginning of the 1780s, further developed at the Ecole Normale, Volney sought to pursue this study in the United States between 1795 and 1798. There he found material for the comparison of two revolutions, two Republics, to contemplate their fragilities. But here, too, the limitation of his methodology appeared, most conspicuously in his encounters, circumscribed and hesitant, with Native Americans ; this particular study deepened his thinking, now more pessimistic, about process of civilization.