In 1822, the repression of military conspiracies against the Bourbon monarchy provoked an institutional and ideological conflict revealing the ambiguity of the Regime based on the Charte. In order to compensate a supposed indulgence of the civil courts, the government resorted to military justice not only in the case where the defendant was a soldier but also where he was a civilian. This triggered a conflict with the liberal opposition, with one of their number, Odilon Barrot, establishing a judicial discourse against the military interference in political justice. Moreover, the study of the military justice proceedings, less expeditious than some could have imagined, makes us understand the crisis of identity of the French army after the Napoleonic Wars, as both Alfred de Vigny and Stendhal discerned it, despite their political opposition.