
CARREFOURS DE L'ÉDUCATION N° 59 (1/2025)
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The issue of authority is a constant concern for teachers which is likely exacerbated in a challenging environment, in places where students often talk back to the adult. Within these establishments, teachers must often issue warnings or punishments to pupils whose attitudes or remarks threaten a lesson’s viability. In view of this, based on a series of interviews with PE teachers working exclusively in high-priority education networks (Réseaux d’éducation prioritaire plus, or REP+), we see that punishments have ambivalent effects on the exercise of authority. The results show in particular that punishments constitute a response that, while often necessary, must nevertheless be used with caution so as to avoid increasing the level of conflictuality in class.
The “universitisation” of architectural education began in 1968. The roll-out of the lecturer/ researcher status (Enseignant-chercheur – EC) created in 2018 across France’s national architecture schools (ENSA) raises questions today. Based on an analysis of numerical data, a mapping of EC profiles at ENSA schools informs the analysis of a set of interviews conducted with ENSA lecturer/researchers, facilitating an examination of their relationship with pedagogy and teacher training methods. It was found that, in the absence of formal teacher training, ENSA lecturer/researchers base their teaching on a (not necessarily inspirational) model that they were given as students or reach out to their peers. The highly specific teaching of the architectural project explains why existing higher education teacher training programmes are rarely used; the same is true of bibliographical resources, which are not well suited to this type of teaching. The relationship with pedagogy explored in this article highlights distinctive characteristics peculiar to the various profiles that make up the diverse group of ENSA lecturer/researchers.