This article, with its rather enigmatic title, attempts to commentate Milad Doueihi’s Solitude of the Incomparable by dealing with the institutional side of Christianity. Placing the Middle Ages—a period that is spanned by the philosophical journey leading from Augustine to Spinoza to which the title refers—fi rmly in the center of the discussion aids in an understanding of how, before Spinoza, theology and politics were decoupled at the birth of political thought and of the social practices of the modern West. The institutional trajectory that is sketched here addresses three main questions : predestination, the economic dimension of grace and Christian universalism.